Continental Divide of American PoliticsOur geographic continental divide is easy to see; it’s obvious and permanent (on our human time scale, anyway). It’s the Rocky Mountains; it’s a division of watershed; rain that falls east of the divide drains to the Atlantic, and rain falling west of the divide flows to the Pacific. The continental divide is the single, easiest way to divide our geography into two divergent, incompatible, mutually exclusive halves.
Our political American divide may seem not so easily defined. On the surface, our political divide is a contentious debate, changing with the times. Our American political divide has been manifest destiny, or isolationism. Our political divide has been whether or not to enter a world war (WWI or WWII, take your choice). Our divide has been rugged individual responsibility, or the welfare state. Our divide has been either win a cold war against tyrannical communism, or appeasement. Our divide has been wage a war on terror in the terrorists’ lands, or wage a legal battle when terror strikes our homeland. Our political divide has been judges that read and apply law as written by the legislature, or judges who legislate and make policy from the un-elected bench. Our divide has been women’s right to abortion on demand, or the right of the unborn human to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Viewed as a parade of changing hot-button issues, our American political divide seems fickle and constantly evolving. Not so. These issues are the numerators, not the common divisor, in the American equation.
Instead, our American political divide is unique to America, is unchanging through 230 years, and will remain our constant divider for the foreseeable future. It is simply “What is government? What is government’s purpose? It’s danger? It’s saving grace? It’s power and limits?”
Is the best government that which governs least, or that which governs most? (President Thomas Jefferson versus Alexander Hamilton)
Who best raises a child; a family or a village? (Secretary of State Hillary Clinton versus Speaker of the House of Representatives Newt Gingrich)
Is government the solution to our problems, or is government the problem? (President Ronald Reagan versus Senator Walter Mondale)
Is the best government, like all politics, local, or is it federal? (Speaker of the House of Representatives “Tip” O’Neill)
Who owns the rights? Individual people, who loan some power to the government, or is it government, which loans the people some limited powers? (President Thomas Jefferson versus President Barack Obama)
Federal government is definitely necessary. But, it should not replace society.
When Lincoln said “[Sovereignty, as given by the Constitution, is] a political community without a political superior” (President Abraham Lincoln), it was the only time he used “political” twice in one sentence. He’s clearly drawing a sharp distinction between his federal political government and society, armed force, God-given rights, etc. He was committed to preserving the federal government. But he did believe God-given rights and society were superior to the political government.
Likewise with the Founders in the Federalist Papers: “A nation, without a national government, is in my view, an awful spectacle.” (Alexander Hamilton)
This question is the great American political divide. Not Republican vs Democrat. Not environmentalists vs. big business. Not states’ rights vs. federal power. Not abortion vs. life. Not peace at all costs, nor freedom at all costs. The one constant American divide is “What, exactly, should our government be? Does government control us, or do we control government?”
If this is truly the central American dilemma, then it’s worth a journey back in time to our Founding Fathers as an intellectual starting point. What did they invent, with American independence and the U.S. Constitution?
We start with Thomas Paine. He didn’t create the ideas he wrote about in his booklet Common Sense; those ideas were the distillation of Reformation, Enlightenment, and Natural Philosophy thinking for the previous 200 years, particularly in Scotland, England, Germany, and France. In turn, that 17th and 18th century thinking finds its foundation in earlier Greek, Roman, and biblical writing. Paine wasn’t the inventor, he was the technician. He understood known theories and applied them to a current problem. Thomas Paine’s genius was seeing how to apply timeless concepts to the murk of current political upheaval, in a convincing manner. Paine’s Common Sense is the thinking that turned the tide for American birth; before Paine the king’s loyalists were the majority. After Paine’s Common Sense, the American independents held sway. The ideas Paine elucidated were a vital force for the Declaration of Independence, our war for freedom, and for our Constitution – our government.
Paine’s first half of his first chapter (“… Origin and Design Of Government …”) uses common sense and simple analogy to describe the need, purpose, and limitations of government. He correctly foretold the great American political divide. Since his 18th century verbiage is arcane, let’s summarize, paraphrase, and emphasize for him:
“Society is not government. Government is not society. They’re not two sides of the same coin. Society and government have totally different origins, and totally different purposes. This great and permanent division between society and government will be our great American success. That great division between society and government is our American political divide – our Rocky Mountain watershed line. You either get it, or you don’t. If you don’t, you’re not “American” in the original sense of the word; in the Founders’ sense of the word.
“Society springs from our reasonable needs; government from our innate corruptions. Society promotes happiness positively by uniting our affections for each other; government negatively by restraining our vices. Society is a blessing; government a necessary evil at best and an intolerable one at worst. Society encourages interdependence; government creates distinctions. Society is our beneficial patron; government our punisher."
“Having government is an honest admission of failure. If our better nature were always clear, uniform, and irresistibly obeyed, we would need no other lawgiver. However, reality shows we need to give up just enough of our freedom and money, to protect what remains. Just enough; no more."
“As an example, imagine a small isolated colony of people. Their mutual society is their first concern. They know and rely on each other for survival. They have differing needs and abilities, and they willingly cooperate to thrive. They know each other, need each other, trust each other, and help each other. Men’s (and God’s) best nature works to the colony’s advantage. Necessity soon forms the colony into a society, and its mutual interdependence and benefits makes laws and government unnecessary."
“But, when their numbers grow, they no longer know each other closely, and they no longer need each one among them. Then, they no longer trust each other."
“This is when men’s worst nature is exposed. Problems ensue which must be solved. Compromises are needed. Some of the colony are selected to solve these problems for the group. These representatives act for the group’s best concerns and needs. When the colonies numbers grow even larger in number, they are also more distant from each other. Then the selected representatives speak not for the entire group, but only for their part of the group."
“As long as the representatives truly work for the entire community, and answer to the entire community, each portion of the population continues to mutually support each other, and this government serves its greater society with security and general happiness. But, the representatives find it increasingly difficult to reach agreeable compromises. Then, undesired edicts must be enforced by the government on an unwilling populace."
“Further, as the population increases and grows more distant, with disparate needs and desires, the people’s representatives grow ever more contentious, and unable to answer to the best needs of society."
“If the representatives’ numbers and their government grow too large, governmental problems ensue. Then, government no longer is a servant of society. Government eventually grows to be a rival of society, and an opponent of the freedom and happiness of the people."
“So, this is the origin of government. When our numbers increase, government is a necessary evil, with special inherent vices of its own. Government’s tendency is to grow, to rival its benevolent society, and to try to replace society."
“It’s the people’s job to constantly restrain the necessary evil of government, and to keep their society free enough to answer as many needs as possible, without the need of government.”
What should we do with this understanding; that society is our best nature and our best effort, and that government is our necessary evil which must be constantly restrained? The answer is important, for, if one rejects Thomas Paine’s Common Sense argument, one rejects the persuasion for the American Revolution, the impetus of the Declaration of independence, and the inherent design written by our Founding Fathers into the Constitution of the United States of America. The answer is, indeed, important.
What should we do with this understanding? On each issue, use the solution which relies most upon free society, and least upon government. The desire to rely upon society and to limit government – or to grow government until it rules society – this is the great American political divide. You either believe in a good society with a limited necessary evil government – or, you believe society is evil and man’s government should control more and more. See each issue through this lens, and follow your beliefs, no matter where they lead on the individual issues. The issues themselves are subordinate to our first, great American question: “What is government?”
This understanding and commitment is the central challenge that faced our Founding Fathers when they wrote the Declaration of Independence, fought the war for freedom, and wrote the Constitution of the United States. Their vexation, illuminated in those documents, their letters, their speeches, their prayers, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, and the Federalist Papers was “How do we ensure our descendants continue our hard-won victory of society and freedom over the necessary evil of government?”
They vexation was well founded – our society is slipping away. Government is strong-arming society and freedom aside. Both Republicans and Democrats have forgotten America’s foundation; her great political divide.
Don’t just talk about it – act. Vote for representatives committed to more societal freedom and less government control. Write your representatives, encouraging them to support the “society and freedom” side of each issue, rather than the “government control” side. Keep the main thing the main thing. Voting is no longer enough – if your answer to “What is government?” is important to you, get involved in society. Get involved in politics. Make sure the good side wins. If the “good side” means that our personal freedoms ensure that our society overrules our government, then you’re in good company. You’re with the Founding Fathers.
Examples:
** Presidential elections – current electoral college, or direct election at large? Our founders knew that when two wolves and one sheep vote to decide what’s for dinner, the sheep always is eaten. They knew that majority groups in government will always trample the minority, because men’s best societal instincts get overrun in large governments. They also knew that many minority interests would divide along regional (state) lines. So, they increased the power of small states in two ways. First, each state, no matter how small, gets two senators. Second, each state’s entire electoral college vote goes to the winner of the Presidential election. In this way, small states (and by extension, many minority group’s interests) are less likely to be eaten by the majority. This is why Presidential candidates campaign in small states and listen to their special needs. Without the electoral college, candidates would only campaign and make promises to the large states and large cities, where they can get the most bang for their buck. Without the electoral college, we are sheep; we are their dinner. So, who wants to trash the electoral college? Always the supporters of big government, never the supporters of individual and societal freedom, never the supporters of minority interests. Even when your candidate might benefit from direct general election rather than the electoral college, do you continue to support the founders’ democratic representative republic design and its electoral system? If so, you’re the founders’ and Thomas Paine’s pride. You kept the main thing the main thing. If not, you are the founders’ greatest fear – truly; their greatest fear.
** Abortion, or life, from the womb? The original Greek Hippocratic Oath forbade doctors from performing abortions, as a moral sin against the baby and against society. Abortion has always been an issue, for all societies. Each society handles it as its people see fit; some allow abortion, some do not – society chooses, and individual choose which society (or segment of society) to join. The Founders saw no need to cover this issue in the Constitution. They left it to society – to the best of humankind’s interests. In the context of American government, the Founders expect us to do the same – leave the federal government out of the abortion issue altogether. Let each segment of our society reach its own conclusion. That means we may direct our churches, our communities, or our states to handle the abortion question differently. We may then migrate to those groups, and be secure in our ability to choose our freedoms and our communities. Instead, to allow the federal government to overcome society’s solutions on either side of the abortion issue is to produce disagreement where there need be none, to destroy society’s best efforts, and to embolden the necessary evil of government – it is to let the wolves eat the sheep.
** Health Care – Private insurance, or government insurance? Most non-socialist countries neither offer nor mandate government insurance of any type: life insurance, auto insurance, or health insurance, and with good reason. Insurance is personal commerce. Insurance is not a right or a government edict. Non-socialist governments do not create industries, begin businesses, provide jobs, save for individual’s retirement, declare national religions, or control the doctors. These are best operated by society; society being made up of family, community, religion, commerce, private property, creativity, and other personal endeavors. There are very few exceptions, wherein the federal government necessarily operates a segment of our commerce. We have one federal monetary system, one Post Office, one joint military force. On the state level, we have one department of motor vehicles, and few state universities. On most major purchases we avoid government control as if it’s the plague, including insurance. Auto insurance is private, with little state or federal involvement, and works well. Life insurance is a private, personal matter. You may take it or leave it. If you buy life insurance, you may choose from many private providers and many types of plans, to suit your family’s individual needs.
Most Americans have private health insurance and are happy with it. Would any trade their private health insurance for federal health insurance, run by the Post Office or the department of motor vehicles? Of course not. Some health insurance problems in America are the result of too much government interference, not the result of too little government control. Why are there so few health insurance providers from which to choose (unlike the many providers of auto insurance)? Federal and state interference, which directly decreases competition.
Why is health care so expensive? 1) The primary reason is federal and state interference, which decreases competition. 2) Another reason health care is expensive is that here in America with private health care and private health insurance, we enjoy the most expensive, life-saving tests and procedures at two and a half times the rate of people with socialist health care systems. We think it’s a bargain. 3) Finally, we need governmental tort reform, so doctors stop passing on their huge liability insurance premium to you – but our current political leadership refuses tort reform, because they’re addicted to the money the lawyers contribute to their campaigns.
Yes, we need some state government regulations for health insurance risk pools. Here’s how it works in auto insurance: the state requires you to buy auto insurance, and regulates (but does not run) the auto insurers. If your driving record indicates high risk, the auto insurers refuse you. After three refusals, you go into the state’s “risk pool”, where the state mandates that insurance companies who want to do business in their state must take their fair share of the high risk drivers, at a state-set high risk insurance premium. You pay more for your auto insurance, but you are insured.
Apply all this to our current health insurance situation: Less government interference allows more competition, less cost, and the ability to take your insurance from state-to-state and job-to-job. Tort reform further drives down your cost. Allow states to assign high risk “previous medical condition” people to insurance companies, spreading the risk, and avoiding exorbitant insurance costs. Allow states to financially encourage (but not mandate) health insurance, bringing young, healthy, low risk adults into the insurance coverage, and further reducing costs. This plan reduces federal government interference in most health insurance areas, allows states to regulate health insurance as they do other insurance, reduces cost, increases coverage, increases competition and personal choice of insurance providers, and addresses nearly every current problem in American health insurance. Or, you may still want the federal Post Office to control your health services. You choose the best tool: society or federal government.